Where Did the Dangerous Alaska Storm Come From?

Severe weather warnings underway in Alaska. CREDIT: NWS. View full size image

An extremely dangerous storm is slicing toward northwestern Alaska and is expected to bring blizzard conditions and hurricane-strength winds to the state's west coast. The storm, which formed from a mix of air masses over an area of ocean prone to spinning up strong storms, could be bigger than anything ever seen in the 49th state, the National Weather Service warned.

This morning (Nov. 8) the storm was about 600 miles (965 kilometers) southwest of St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea. According to the forecast from the NWS office in Fairbanks, Alaska, it was to sweep into Russia's Chukotsk Peninsula tonight and move into the northwestern Chukchi Sea .

"This will be extremely dangerous and life-threatening storm of an epic magnitude rarely experienced," read a statement from the NWS. "All people in the area should take precautions to safeguard their lives and property."

The storm could be one of the most severe Bering Sea storms in nearly 40 years. The strong winds are expected up and down the entire west coast of the state. [Related: Hurricanes from Above: See Nature's Biggest Storms]

"Something that's kind of unusual in this case is that all of our computer models were in agreement of this being an extremely strong storm," said Jim Brader, a meteorologist at the Fairbanks NWS office.

How it formed

The storm is the product of warm air in the Pacific Ocean tapping into the cold air off Siberia, picking up speed in a jet stream near there and then intensifying as it moved into the Bering Sea  –  "a place where storms typically intensify," Brader told OurAmazingPlanet.

The weird storm has an unusually long fetch length, which is the length of the wind blowing in a single direction over water. In this case it's maybe 1,000 miles (1,600 km), Brader said.

To envision what a long fetch length will do, think about blowing wind with your mouth over a bowl of water; the water piles up at the opposite end. The same thing happens over the ocean. The stronger and longer the fetch length, the bigger the waves it will create.

The winds from the current storm will push high waves ashore and create widespread coastal flooding and severe erosion of the coastline, the NWS warns. Sea levels could rise as much as 10 feet (3 meters) above normal in the Norton Sound and along the Bering Strait coast.

Alaska in the bull's-eye

Wind speeds are expected to reach hurricane strength — 75 mph (120 kph) — with gusts up to 100 mph (160 kph) across the Bering Strait coast and St. Lawrence Island. That's bad news from a winter storm.

"Cold air impacts the water more and can push the momentum of the wind into the water more," Brader said.

In the storm's bull's-eye are some of the harshest inhabited areas of Alaska. Severe flooding and winds are predicted to strike areas already hit hard by coastal erosion, reported the Climate Central blog.

Kivalina Island, a barrier island home to about 400 people, is perhaps 5 feet (1.5 m) above sea level. "It doesn't take a lot to wash waves into where people are," Brader said.

The storm could be similar to a 1974 Alaska storm, but sea ice is lower in today's warmer world, providing no protection along the coast, according to the NWS. Some areas in the north do have some winter sea ice, and it could become a hazard if pushed ashore, Brader said.

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You can follow OurAmazingPlanet staff writer Brett Israel on Twitter: @btisrael. Follow OurAmazingPlanet for the latest in Earth science and exploration news on Twitter @OAPlanet and on Facebook.